Manhattan’s Dutch Governor Kieft orders the massacre of the Wappinger People. Eighty Natives are “massacred and severed heads were kicked around the streets of Manhattan. One native was castrated, skinned, forced to eat his own flesh while colonists watched and laughed” (Oxendine, 2019, p. 5). A witness and critic of the events, David DeVries, wrote of Kieft's brutality: “When [the Indian prisoners] had been kept a long time in the corps de garde, the Director became tired of giving them food any longer and they were delivered to the soldiers to do with as they pleased. The poor unfortunate prisoners were immediately dragged out of the guard house and soon dispatched with knives of from 18 to 20 inches long which Director Kieft had made for his soldiers for such purposes, saying that swords were for use in the huts of the savages, when they went to surprise them; but that these knives were much handier for bowelling them…. The soldiers then cut strips from the other's body, beginning at the calves, up the back, over the shoulders and down to the knees. While this was going on, Governor Kieft, with his comrade Jan de la Montaigne, a Frenchman, (and Fort physician) stood laughing heartily at the fun…. He then ordered him to be taken out of the fort, and the soldiers bringing him … [forcing him to dance] the entire time, threw him down, cut off his genetales, thrust them in his mouth while still alive, and at last placing him on a mill stone cut off his head…. What I tell you is true, for by the same token there stood at the same time 24 or 25 female savages who had been taken prisoner … when they saw this bloody spectacle they held up their arms, struck their mouth, and, in their language exclaimed: “For shame! For shame! Such unheard of cruelty was never known, or even thought among us!” (Wolfe, 2012).